IPA


International Phonetic Alphabet

|                     | Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar |
|---------------------+----------+-------------+--------+----------+--------------|
| Plosive             | p  b     |             |        | t  d     |              |
| Nasal               | m        | ɱ           |        | n        |              |
| Trill               | ʙ        |             |        | r        |              |
| Tap or flap         |          | ⱱ           |        | ɾ        |              |
| Fricative           | ɸ  β     | f  v        | θ  ð   | s  z     | ʃ  ʒ         |
| lateral fricative   |          |             |        | ɬ  ɮ     |              |
| Approximant         |          | ʋ           |        | ɹ        |              |
| Lateral approximant |          |             |        | l        |              |
|                     | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal |
|---------------------+-----------+---------+-------+--------+------------+---------|
| Plosive             | ʈ  ɖ      | c  ɟ    | ŋ     | q  ɢ   |            | ʔ       |
| Nasal               | ɳ         | ɲ       | k  ɡ  | ɴ      |            |         |
| Trill               |           |         |       | ʀ      |            |         |
| Tap or flap         | ɽ         |         |       |        |            |         |
| Fricative           | ʂ  ʐ      | ç  ʝ    | x  ɣ  | χ  ʁ   | ħ  ʕ       | h  ɦ    |
| lateral fricative   |           |         |       |        |            |         |
| Approximant         | ɻ         | j       | ɰ     |        |            |         |
| Lateral approximant | ɭ         | ʎ       | ʟ     |        |            |         |

            Front          Central                Back

Close      i ● y --------- ɨ ● ʉ --------------- ɯ ● u
              \               \                    |
Near-close     \    ɪ   ʏ      \         ʊ         |
                \               \                  |
Close-mid      e ● ø --------- ɘ ● θ  ---------- ɤ ● o
                  \               \                |
Mid                \               ə               |
                    \               \              |
Open-mid           ɛ ● œ --------- ɜ ● ɞ ------- ʌ ● ɔ
                      \               \            |
Near-open            æ \               ɐ           |
                        \               \          |
Open                   a ● ɶ ------------------- ɑ ● ɒ